Sudan is located in the northeastern part of Africa between the 22.4 latitude northern equator and 38.22 longitude. The country occupies the middle part between Africa and the Arab World which. Such a location distinguishes Sudan with a unique characteristic considering it the main passage between north and south of Africa. Sudan also was the main passage for the pilgrim and trade convoys that forward from the east of Africa to the Holy Lands until the mid of the current century.

Total area of the Sudan is about one million miles square (about 2.5 million km square) which makes it one of the largest African countries and it comes ninth among the largest countries of the world. Sudan is the largest Arab and African country as its area constitutes 8.3% of the total area of Africa.

The following countries neighbor Sudan:- Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia across the Red Sea.

Tropical climate, which is characterized by increase of heat degrees on most days of a year, being very dry in the far north then graduates to be semi-wet in the far south, prevails in Sudan.

Annual rain rates range from almost zero in the far north to 500 mm in the central Sudan to more than 1500 mm in the far south of Sudan.

The River Nile, including all its various branches, plays an important role in the Sudan's economic, social and cultural life and in its foreign relationships. Water of the River Nile and all its various branches is utilized in generating electricity from Dams of Al-Roseires, Sinnar, Khashm Al-Girba and Jabal Awliaa as well as in navigation and fishing.

Most Important Industries: Textiles – cement – food oil – sugar – soap – hide products – food stuff – mining and transformational industries.

Animal Resources: Number of animal resources per million heads until the year 2005.
Camels :3,547 – Goats: 42,179 – Sheep: 49,797 – cows: 40,369

Forestry Products: Hashab and acacia trees contribute in constituting a part of the Sudan's forestry wealth where area cultivated with Hashab trees reaches (40120) Feddans producing (15200) Million tons average while Hashab trees area reaches (64210) Feddans producing about (3450) Million tons per year.

Wood production reaches (11250) meter cubic sawn and (141450) meter cubic as fire wood while average of charcoal production per sacks reaches (1772541) a year.

Minerals and Petrol: Production of minerals per ton until beginning of the year 2005: Gold (4.73), chrome(14666) , gypsum (5132), salt ( ( 48685, silver (2,40).
Crude oil 113,094 barrel for the year 2004.
Exports: Sudan has plentiful resources where animal resources, Gum Arabic, cotton, oil seeds and gold are significant sources for treasury of the Country besides mining petrol will definitely contribute in realizing welfare for Sudan's people.